FMP week 8 – Inga Masliy

So here is my chapter 1 draft it has a rough review of the seleted papers along with a few art pieces review

It will of course need to be edited further

Main Part (Chapters)

1Lit review

What are the current theories saying?

This chapter aims to draw a wider picture of the problem and provide theories to support further discussion

This chapter will focus on reviewing existing theories on the subject. The chapter is looking into the known benefits of AR technologies for education. Modern models of tourism and their downfalls. Will touch on historical sites preservation and the potential AR has in this area.

To answer the question of how AR technologies can be implemented in tourism this chapter will first overview the modern tourism models and it’s problems.

Topics/questions

Current models of tourism may fail to deliver diverse information

Current models of tourism require significant funding to preserve architecture and remain tourism-worthy

Dimensions of Cultural Tourist Experience in Destinations

This article argues that a lot of current traditional tourism @way@ are becoming outdated and uncompetitionable. As modern tourist demand for a more unique tourist experiences.

Standartised programs imposed by big companies are becoming irrelevant in modern tourism scene.

Currently cultural tourism makes 37% of all trips and is growing 15% every year. This type of tourism deferiantes itself by making the main goal obtaining knowledge about region it’s people and culture. Therefore calling for a different program. These tourists

“seek a feeling of involvement with the place, they want to get beyond the institutionalized version of the tourist experience (tourist bubble), touristic representation and duplication of locality”

Due to the reasons above a lot of classical tourist destinations notice the decline of visitors and increasing competition from alternative tourist sites.

The new tourists, seeking more customisable experiences “more active, enriching, engaging, adventuresome and informative than traditional mass tourist attractions”. This demand in return is creating opportunities for new alternative tours.

Direct Quotes

Many established classic tourism destinations are suffering from stagnation or decline invisitor volume, and an increase in competition arising from alternative destinations.

Traditional ways of differentiation are becoming insufficient and it is believed that thereis a growing demand for experience products that meet travellers specific wants andneeds

In otherwords, tourists co-create their experiences within a destination.A tourist is physically, emotionally and intellectually involved in the experience process (Booms & Bitner, 1981; Fitzsimmons & Sullivan, 1982; Normann, 1985;Silkapit &

Fisk, 1985).

The final level of this involvement is the „flow‟, where

touristloses the concept of time and place and concentrate very deeply on the activity thathe/she is involved in (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975; Mannell et al.

1988).

Previously

, large touroperators were imposing their standardized products to the customers. However,contemporary tourists are pushing what they want onto the market, which creates opportunities for new products and alternative tours to emerge. The tourism product isgetting more flexible especially in the form of customization.

Common characteristics ofthese allocentric travel typologies are that they are more active, enriching, engaging,adventuresome and informative than traditional mass tourist attractions

cultural tourism accounts for 37% of alltrips According to Stebbins(1996), c

ultural tourists‟ main motivation is to obtain knowledge about the region. Art

s,music, traditions and history are the main components of culture in a destination.

seek a feeling ofinvolvement with the place

they want to get beyond the institutionalized version of the touristexperience (tourist bubble), touristic representation and duplication of locality. Theywant to see the unseen, they want to listen to the unheard, and this is why they look forgaps, a chance to peek into reality

After the qualitative study, five constructs weresuggested as the main determinants of cultural tourist experience in a destination. Theseare social interaction, local authentic clues, service, culture/heritage and challenge

Innovative methods for heritage tourism experiences: creating windows into the past

Another issue that is discussed in this paper is tourist’s influence on heritage detoriation.

Tourists can both contribute to site’s detoriaration and help with it preservation.

Tourism is often a big contributing factor to heritage funding therefore. However tourists presence often aids the destruction process.

Ironically “destinations that are not preserved also risk a loss of tourism visitation” which leads to the sugnigicant loss of income not only to the cite itself but to surrounding areas as well in many cases.

The most obvious approach to preserving attractiveness of the site is restouration. However restorations a very costly and time consuming and have to be conducted to a very professional quality othervise it may only contribute to the deorioration of the historical sites.

Yet again sites that are already struggling with income are unlikely to be able to affort such works.

One of the less costly ways to combat that that is being used is an adaptation approach. It proposes designing tourist experiences around the site without physically interventing it.

On top of that modern day tourists “technological advancements are changing tourist behaviour and motivations, leading to a desire for immersive and engaging experiences”

All this is leading to increased used of technology in this sphere. It is used to represent the intangible aspects of culture, preserve heritage, and creating competitive tourists destinations

Direct Quotes

There are concerns surrounding the long-term sustainability of heritage sites, as tourist visitation is both contributing to and impeding the preservation of sites and monuments

destinations that are not preserved also risk a loss of tourism visitation, particularly in the long-term. Reduced tourism visitation to a destination can have significant economic implications for the surrounding regions

However, there are challenges to this approach. Restoration is typically a costly and ongoing process, often causing financial challenges for the management of a site. There is also concern that if the restoration is not undertaken correctly, the historic attributes of the site will be compromised.

An adaptation approach involves designing tourism experiences which do not directly impact on the site. One example is designing tourist paths which navigate around the site, but do not physically impede on the sitte

The premise of the preservation approach is to communicate information to visitors, and essentially educate visitors, on the behavioural norms required to experience the site

argue that technological advancements are changing tourist behaviour and motivations, leading to a desire for immersive and engaging experiences which incorporate intangible aspects of the history and culture of the artefact. This has led to an increase of digital replication for heritage sites and artefacts, which is an increasingly growing approach for culture and heritage preservation

also note that the incorporation of technology is important for the competitiveness of heritage tourism destinations.

Topics/questions

Benefits of AR in Learning information delivery

AR enhances the effectiveness and attractiveness of teaching and learning for students (but not only students)

AR is a highly engaging platform

AR allows to get more visual based experience

Вместо обычных учебников: виртуальная реальность в образовании

Additionally AR has a lot of benefits in the educational field.

Skolkovo argues that Augmented Reality is a more understandable and interesting format for modern students.

A lot of subjects that may be hard to explain through the traditional means such as chemistry or history.

There have been studies to test the effectiveness of AR in education. And it proves that the concentration rises in 20% and comprehension by 15%. The students in general more then ready for the new means of education.

Russian government sees that demand and is introducing some AR/VR education into the schools.

Direct Quotes

для сегодняшнего поколения школьников этот формат подачи информации становится более интересен и понятен,

акие дисциплины, как физика, химия, ОБЖ и история просто созданы для виртуальной реальности: учителю намного удобнее объяснять материал, а ученикам интереснее его усваивать.

В свою очередь, Кормильцев отмечает, что результаты последних исследований использования VR в обучении показали рост концентрации внимания учащихся на 20% при росте переключаемости и восприятия информации на 15%.

власти видят запрос на цифровизацию со стороны учеников и школ и реагируют на него

Augmented Reality (AR) in Education – A New Prospect

The learning becomes more meaningful.

Due to the active participation students are interacting with the knowledge and are no longer simply “passive recipients”

Unlike the traditional ways of presenting information AR is not merely a data display AR interacts with the real world, changing one’s perception of the world

AR is especially helpful in the areas where the imagination may fail as it will help to visualize difficult content making it easier to understand the information. Making information more accecible to all types of learners

Direct Quotes

The primary value of augmented reality is how components of the digital world blend into a person’s perception of the real world, not as a simple display of data, but through the integration of immersive sensations, which as natural parts of an environment.

students can participate in interactively and interact with knowledge more authentically. Instead of remaining passive recipients,

AR technology has an ability to render objects that are hard to imagine and turn them into 3D models, thus making it easier to grasp the abstract and difficult content. This is especially good for visual learners

Topics/questions

How to preserve historical heritage?

Restoration vs Preservation?

AR is a non invasive restouration

Cutting Edge | Protecting and preserving cultural diversity in the digital era

AR and Heritage preservation

UNESCO also believes that digital technologies such as Augmented and Virtual reality plaay key role in preserving humankind cultural heritage.

However UNESCO notes that despite there being a general understanding of the need to use digital technologies in the cultural sector there is no clear understanding on how to do that.

UNesco highlights the importanse of digital technologies in preservation of intangible cultural heritage.

UNESCO additionally highlights the importance of specifically AR and VR technologies in tourism experiences. As well as providing more asses to the cultural heritage.

“Crucially, the report notes that digital access boosts rather than reduces physical engagement with cultural content.”

COVID-19 pandemic only highlighted the importance of alternative ways of accessing heritage, specifically for educational purposes

“Digital Technologies have the potential to power great leaps of progress for the cultural sector, particularly in heritage management, guaranteeing cultural diversity and expanding access to culture”

Direct Quotes

Digital technologies have a significant role to play in safeguarding cultural heritage, including in the wake of conflicts, natural disasters and other emergencies.

Whilst there is widespread recognition that digital technologies offer new ways to produce, store and share museum and heritage assets, the framework for doing so is yet to be fully defined.

As intangible cultural heritage cannot be seen or held in physical form, documentation particularly through media production projects, allows us to understand the evolutionary trends of a certain element of intangible cultural heritage and formulate measures for its safeguarding.

In the future, virtual and augmented reality usage may be expanded to enhance the visitor experience, perhaps allowing visitors to explore World Heritage sites in their original state, or may one day even provide personalised virtual museums

Crucially, the report notes that digital access boosts rather than reduces physical engagement with cultural content.

During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic global lockdown, with hundreds of millions of students worldwide confined at home, cultural materials proved to be vital to continue learning, stimulate the imagination and engage in critical thinking.

Digital Technologies have the potential to power great leaps of progress for the cultural sector, particularly in heritage management, guaranteeing cultural diversity and expanding access to culture.

2State of the Art

Review of existing projects (Museum of London, Retro future, smth else?)

Criticism based on literature

Even though the XR tours aren’t as well spread as the traditional ones there have been a few projects over the years that attempt to blab la in that field.

This part is going to look at two of them as examples and analyse theis use of XR technology

The first is the museum of London

The application Streetmuseum was released 2010??? The app uses AR technology to overlap the old pictures or paintings of London over it’s current view. However this is not much different from how the average toors are organised where the picture is printed out.

The exact overlap ofcourse creates a slightly different experience of a portal to the past however it still is not utilising AR potential. And potentially diminishes the a4 print “method” as no phone is as bid as A4 format.

Something good.

The other project I would like to analyse is virtual toors RETRO FUTURO organises around Moscow. One of the most notable Москва которой не было [Moscow that never was]

The concept is showing the buildings that were never build on their planed locations. Followed buy the traditional tour guide.

This project utilises the the strongest aspect of XR the visuals and the immersion while also utilysing the advantages of traditional tous that is the interaction with a life expert in the field.